Any management system within an organization can be said to be "open" or "closed." An open systems interacts with other systems through the free passing of information, whereas closed systems ...

Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop So where exactly does open-loop end and closed-loop begin? The line seems clear for some systems, but muddy for others. How much feedback is enough to qualify?

When considering AI models, it's important to understand the distinctions and examples of both open and closed systems. Models like LLAMA and Mistral are typically open-source and available for public ...

Conversation around generative AI tends to focus on whether its development is open or closed. It's more responsible to envision releases along a gradient.

Cobb and Elder's theory of agenda building is used to explain the movement in toxic waste management from a closed system of decision making to a more open one. Based on analyses at six widely ...

In general, we find important differences in the determinants of transitions from open versus closed employment systems. The major differences include gender and earlier life course location in open ...