The genetic code is redundant — CCA and CCG both encode proline, for example – but passwords are not. Substitute the end G for the end A and your Amazon account won’t work.

How scientists are hacking the genetic code to give proteins new powers By modifying the blueprint of life, researchers are endowing proteins with chemistries they’ve never had before.

Nirenberg's Genetic Code Chart, 1961-66 On May 27, 1961, Heinrich Matthaei, a postdoc working with NIH scientist Marshal Nirenberg, placed synthetic polyuracil RNA into 20 test tubes to see what it ...

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the four-letter code of DNA is translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

When scientists discovered DNA and its double-helix form, they had finally identified the molecules that contain every human’s unique genetic code. But determining how those instructions were ...

Scientists have taken another step on the way toward building an organism from the ground up. They built from scratch the genetic code of an entire bacterium and then assembled it into one piece.